Mouse Cursor Tracker Motion Robot

The Mouse Cursor Tracker Motion Robot is a project designed to control a robot’s movement by tracking the position of a mouse cursor in real-time. It utilizes Python with PyQt5 for the graphical interface and serial communication to send movement commands to the robot. The system allows the robot to move forward, backward, left, and right based on cursor position while also visualizing its movement path. A reverse mode enables inverted motion control for more flexibility. The project integrates an SMD Red Module for motor control, ensuring smooth and precise movement. By combining real-time tracking with serial communication, this project can be applied to robotics simulations, interactive motion control, and remote navigation systems.

About Tools and Materials:

2x SMD Red (Purchase Here)

SMD USB Gateway (Purchase Here)

Arduino Gateway Module (Purchase Here)

2x BDC Motor (Purchase Here)

Step 1: Hardware & Software Overview

Project Key Components

1. SMD

   The SMD acts as a bridge between the script and the modules. It is responsible for interpreting the commands sent by the script and translating them into actions that read input from the Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Module and meanwhile, actuate the motor for the continuous reading of the script.

2. BDC Motor

   The 100 RPM BDC Motor with Encoder is used to rotate the radar mechanism in a full circle. The user can precisely control the motor and get the position through the built-in encoder.

Key Features

• Robot Control: The robot's movement is controlled through a graphical interface using mouse clicks. The robot's position and orientation are updated based on user input.

• Motor Control: Two motors (left and right) drive the robot's forward, backward, and rotational movements.

• Path Tracking: The path followed by the robot during movement is displayed on the screen. Users can clear the path if needed.

• Target Movement: The robot moves towards a target point specified by the user with the mouse.

Step 2: Assemble

Getting Started

1. Hardware Setup

• USB Connection: The USB_Port() function detects a suitable USB device connected to the platform and establishes a connection.

• Qt Interface: A graphical user interface (GUI) built with PyQt5 enables users to visually control the robot.

• Dynamic Motor Speed Adjustment: Motor speeds are dynamically adjusted based on the distance to the target and angular differences.

• Reverse Mode: Users can enable reverse mode to make the robot move in the opposite direction.

Project Wiring Diagram

Step 3: Run & Test

1. When the application runs, it searches for a device connected to the USB port.

2. In the graphical interface, the robot is represented as a red rectangle (or green in reverse mode).

3. Users can set the robot's target by clicking on the desired position in the interface, and the robot will move towards it.

4. Control buttons like "Start," "Stop," "Clear," and "Reverse" allow users to manage the robot's movement.

Control Buttons

1. Start

   • Function: Initializes the robot's motors and begins the movement logic.

   • Use Case: Click this button to start the robot. The robot will move towards the target point set by clicking on the interface.

2. Stop

   • Function: Stops the robot's motors and halts movement.

   • Use Case: Use this button to pause the robot's movement at any time. The robot will remain stationary until "Start" is pressed again.

3. Clear

   • Function: Resets the robot's path and position.

   • Use Case: Click this button to clear the path drawn by the robot on the interface and reset its position to the center of the canvas. Useful for starting a new simulation.

4. Reverse

   • Function: Toggles the robot's movement direction between forward and reverse.

   • Use Case: Press this button to enable or disable reverse mode. When enabled, the robot will move backward relative to its target. The button text changes dynamically to indicate the current mode:

     • "Reverse": Forward movement mode is active.

     • "Forward": Reverse movement mode is active.

Codes

Python Code

from smd.red import *
import time
import math
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor, QPen
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QTimer
from serial.tools.list_ports import comports
from platform import system

# Function to detect and return the available USB port
def USB_Port():
    ports = list(comports())
    usb_names = {
        "Windows": ["USB Serial Port"],
        "Linux": ["/dev/ttyUSB"],
        "Darwin": [
            "/dev/tty.usbserial",
            "/dev/tty.usbmodem",
            "/dev/tty.SLAB_USBtoUART",
            "/dev/tty.wchusbserial",
            "/dev/cu.usbserial",
            "/dev/cu.usbmodem",
            "/dev/cu.SLAB_USBtoUART",
            "/dev/cu.wchusbserial",
        ]
    }
    
    os_name = system()
    if ports:
        for port, desc, hwid in sorted(ports):
            if any(name in port or name in desc for name in usb_names.get(os_name, [])):
                print("Connected")
                return port
        print("Available ports:")
        for port, desc, hwid in ports:
            print(f"Port: {port}, Description: {desc}, HWID: {hwid}")
    else:
        print("No ports detected!")
    return None

# Widget class to visualize the robot movement
class RobotCanvas(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setMinimumSize(1200, 800)  # Set the canvas size
        
        # Initialize robot position and parameters
        self.robot_x = 600
        self.robot_y = 400
        self.robot_angle = 0
        self.robot_size = 15
        self.path_points = []  # Store movement path
        
        # Mouse tracking variables
        self.mouse_x = 600
        self.mouse_y = 400
        self.is_mouse_pressed = False
        self.is_reverse_mode = False
        self.mouse_target_distance = float('inf')  # Infinite distance by default

    # Event triggered when mouse button is pressed
    def mousePressEvent(self, event):
        self.is_mouse_pressed = True
        self.mouse_x = event.x()
        self.mouse_y = event.y()

    # Event triggered when mouse button is released
    def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
        self.is_mouse_pressed = False
        self.mouse_target_distance = float('inf')

    # Event triggered when mouse is moved
    def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
        if self.is_mouse_pressed:
            self.mouse_x = event.x()
            self.mouse_y = event.y()

    # Paint event to draw the robot and its path
    def paintEvent(self, event):
        painter = QPainter(self)
        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
        
        # Draw movement path
        if len(self.path_points) > 1:
            pen = QPen(QColor('blue'), 2)
            if self.is_reverse_mode:
                pen = QPen(QColor('purple'), 2)
            painter.setPen(pen)
            for i in range(len(self.path_points) - 1):
                x1, y1 = self.path_points[i]
                x2, y2 = self.path_points[i + 1]
                painter.drawLine(int(x1), int(y1), int(x2), int(y2))
        
        # Draw the robot
        painter.setPen(QPen(QColor('black'), 2))
        painter.setBrush(QColor('red' if not self.is_reverse_mode else 'green'))
        painter.drawRect(
            int(self.robot_x - self.robot_size),
            int(self.robot_y - self.robot_size),
            self.robot_size * 2,
            self.robot_size * 2
        )
        
        # Draw direction indicator
        painter.setPen(QPen(QColor('black'), 2))
        painter.drawLine(
            int(self.robot_x),
            int(self.robot_y),
            int(self.robot_x + self.robot_size * math.cos(self.robot_angle)),
            int(self.robot_y - self.robot_size * math.sin(self.robot_angle))
        )

        # Draw mouse click target position
        if self.is_mouse_pressed:
            painter.setPen(QPen(QColor('green'), 2))
            painter.drawEllipse(self.mouse_x - 5, self.mouse_y - 5, 10, 10)

# Main class for robot control
class LineFollower(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, port):
        super().__init__()
        
        # Initialize SMD motor controller
        self.m = Master(port)
        self.redLeft = self.m.attach(Red(1))  # Left motor
        self.redRight = self.m.attach(Red(0))  # Right motor
        
        self.main_speed = 50
        self.running = False
        
        self.setWindowTitle("Robot Mouse Control")
        
        # Create main layout
        main_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(main_widget)
        layout = QVBoxLayout(main_widget)
        
        # Add canvas to layout
        self.canvas = RobotCanvas()
        layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
        
        # Add control buttons
        button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
        self.start_button = QPushButton("Start")
        self.stop_button = QPushButton("Stop")
        self.clear_button = QPushButton("Clear")
        self.reverse_button = QPushButton("Reverse")

        # Connect buttons to their respective functions
        self.start_button.clicked.connect(self.start)
        self.stop_button.clicked.connect(self.stop)
        self.clear_button.clicked.connect(self.clear_path)
        self.reverse_button.clicked.connect(self.toggle_reverse)

        # Add buttons to layout
        button_layout.addWidget(self.start_button)
        button_layout.addWidget(self.stop_button)
        button_layout.addWidget(self.clear_button)
        button_layout.addWidget(self.reverse_button)
        
        layout.addLayout(button_layout)
        
        # Timer for updating robot movement
        self.timer = QTimer()
        self.timer.timeout.connect(self.update_robot)
        self.timer.setInterval(1)

    # Toggle reverse movement mode
    def toggle_reverse(self):
        self.canvas.is_reverse_mode = not self.canvas.is_reverse_mode
        self.reverse_button.setText("Forward" if self.canvas.is_reverse_mode else "Reverse")
        self.canvas.mouse_target_distance = float('inf')

    # Setup motor configurations
    def setup(self):
        try:
            self.m.set_operation_mode(1, OperationMode.PWM)
            self.m.set_operation_mode(0, OperationMode.PWM)
            
            self.m.enable_torque(1, True)
            self.m.enable_torque(0, True)
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error: {e}")
            return False

    # Update robot position and movement
    def update_robot_position(self, left_speed, right_speed):
        left_speed = left_speed / 100.0
        right_speed = right_speed / 100.0
        
        angular_velocity = (right_speed - left_speed) * 0.1
        self.canvas.robot_angle += angular_velocity
        
        forward_speed = (right_speed + left_speed) * 0.5
        multiplier = -1 if self.canvas.is_reverse_mode else 1
        
        self.canvas.robot_x += multiplier * forward_speed * math.cos(self.canvas.robot_angle) * 5
        self.canvas.robot_y -= multiplier * forward_speed * math.sin(self.canvas.robot_angle) * 5
        
        self.canvas.path_points.append((self.canvas.robot_x, self.canvas.robot_y))
        
        self.canvas.update()

    # Control loop to adjust robot movement based on mouse input
    def update_robot(self):
        if self.running:
            dx = self.canvas.mouse_x - self.canvas.robot_x
            dy = self.canvas.mouse_y - self.canvas.robot_y
            
            current_distance = math.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2)
            target_angle = math.atan2(-dy, dx)

            if self.canvas.is_reverse_mode:
                target_angle = target_angle + math.pi if target_angle < 0 else target_angle - math.pi

            angle_diff = target_angle - self.canvas.robot_angle

            left_speed = self.main_speed - (angle_diff * 30)
            right_speed = self.main_speed + (angle_diff * 30)

            self.m.set_duty_cycle(0, -left_speed)
            self.m.set_duty_cycle(1, right_speed)

            self.update_robot_position(left_speed, right_speed)

    def start(self):
        if not self.setup():
            print("Setup Failed!")
            return
        self.running = True
        self.timer.start()

    def stop(self):
        self.running = False
        self.timer.stop()
        self.m.set_duty_cycle(0, 0)
        self.m.set_duty_cycle(1, 0)

def main():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    port = USB_Port()
    window = LineFollower(port)
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Arduino Code